LEO Satellite Constellations Network Routing Algorithms

The drive for information globalization has led to the rapid development of communication technologies. The main battlefield for competition for next-generation communication is gradually shifting from terrestrial to satellite communication systems, which have the advantages of wide coverage and less demands on the physical environment. The low-orbit (LEO) communication satellite is close to the planet, has a small communication latency, and can transfer large amounts of data. The rapid advancement of terrestrial and Internet technologies has negatively impacted the conventional geostationary orbit communication business, and low-orbit satellite communication development has
become a widespread trend. The integrated circuit industry's rapid expansion has allowed for ever-smaller and more affordable satellites performing the same functions. Moreover, the creation of a LEO communication satellite network can become more feasible and economical with the help of the new technology symbolized by the reusable rocket, which can further reduce the cost of launching a LEO satellite. When compared to the terrestrial communication network, the low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite network can offer global communication services and more affordable communication in remote locations, high-altitude regions, and maritime areas. However, there are a number of ways in which the LEO satellite network is very different from the terrestrial network. To the best of our knowledge, this research is a survey paper that focuses on routing protocols algorithms for LEO constellations networks.